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- The two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, are very small and difficult to detect from
- Earth. Both of the satellites are dim asymmetrical bodies which appear to be captured
- asteroids from the nearby main asteroid belt.
-
- Phobos orbits less than 3,700 miles above the surface of Mars, and has an orbital period of
- 7 hours and 39 minutes. Nonetheless, it is a small body with low reflectivity, and appears
- less than half the diameter of the Earth's Moon in the Martian sky.
-
- Phobos is an irregular-shaped body, stretching 17 miles at its longest diameter. The moon
- is heavily-cratered, as well as covered with grooves and ridges. It was accurately
- measured by both of the Viking orbiters that Phobos is slowly spiraling down towards
- Mars at a rate of 60 feet per century. The moon will crash into the red planet in about 40
- million years.
-
- Deimos is smaller and much further out than Phobos, with a diameter not greater than 9
- miles at nearly twice the distance from Mars. This is also an irregular moon, with a dark
- lumpy appearance and many impact craters. Unlike Phobos, Deimos seems to have a
- stable orbit.
-
- Deimos is a difficult object to see in the Martian sky. From the surface of Mars, Deimos
- would have an apparent diameter only twice that of the planet Venus. Thus, neither of the
- Martian moons provide much illumination during the night.
-
- In July, 1988, the former Soviet Union launched two "Phobos" spacecraft to investigate
- the innermost Martian moon. The first spacecraft was lost on its way to Mars, apparently
- due to a command error which caused it to lose its communications link with the Earth.
- The second probe was put into Mars orbit in January, 1989.
-
- The space probe orbited Mars and was scheduled to deploy two landers to the surface of
- the moon Phobos. The first lander was a stationary long-duration probe expected to
- operate for about a year. The second lander was a mobile "hopper" with mechanical legs
- to hop over the surface of the moon.
-
- Unfortunately, the Phobos 2 spacecraft was lost before contact was made with the Martian
- moon. The exact cause of the break in communications is unknown. Possibly the space
- probe was hit by a micrometeoroid, or perhaps the dish antenna drifted away from Earth.